5 - Past Simple vs Present Perfect

         


Pasado Simple:
 Did you eat breakfast this morning? (Significa: La mañana ya ha terminado.)
 I had three exams this week. (Significa: Como en el ejemplo anterior, el uso del pasado simple significa que esta semana acaba de terminar.)

Presente perfecto:
  Have you eaten breakfast yet this morning? (Significa: La mañana aún no ha terminado.)
  I have had three exams already this week. (Significa: Como antes, el uso del presente perfecto implica que esta semana aún no ha terminado.)

4 - HOW long & since / for PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

how long   (cuánto tiempo, hace cuánto tiempo, por cuánto tiempo, qué tiempo)

How long has your father had that car?  How long have you lived in this city?
How long have you been at this school? 

since (desde)  la acción tuvo su comienzo, es decir desde qué año, fecha, mes, semana, día, etc. viene ocurriendo la acción.

My father has had that car since February. 
I have lived in this city since I was born.I have been at this school since 2010.
How long have I had this job?   You have had this job since 2010

  

for (hace, por)  el periodo total de tiempo que una acción viene ocurriendo, calculamos el tiempo desde el inicio de la acción hasta ahora, puede ser: hace dos años, hace siete meses, hace seis semanas, etc

My father has had that car for seven months. 
I have lived in this city for a long time.
I have been at this school for two years.

last (ultimamente,  sujeto y verbo),  When did you last start to cut the tree?  I last started cut the tree on saturday.
 When did anybody last come to see you?   cuando vino alguien ultimamente a verte?

3 - Ordinals / The Clock / Date

ORDINALS

Números Ordinales	Escritura	Pronunciación
1st	first	ferst
2nd	second	second
3rd	third	zerd
4th	fourth	forz
5th	fifth	fifz
6th	sixth	sixz
7th	seventh	sévenz
8th	eighth	éitz
9th	ninth	nainz
10th	tenth	tenz
11th	eleventh	ilévenz
12th	twelfth	tuelvz
13th	thirteenth	zortiinz
14th	fourteenth	fortiinz
15th	fifteenth	fiftiinz
16th	sixteenth	sixtiinz
17th	seventeenth	senventiinz
18th	eighteenth	eitiinz
19th	nineteenth	nintiinz
20th	twentieth	tuentiz
21st	twenty-first	tuenti-ferst
22nd	twenty-second	tuenti-second
30th	thirtieth	zertiz
40th	fortieth	fortiz
50th	fiftieth	fiftiz
60th	sixtieth	sixtiz
70th	seventieth	seventiz
80th	eightieth	eitiz
90th	ninetieth	naintiz
100th	hundredth	jándredz
101st	hundred and first	jándred and ferst
200th	two hundredth	tú jándredz
1.000th	thousandth	uan zausandz
10.000th	ten thousandth	ten zausandz
100.000th	one hundred thousandth	uan jándred zausandz
1.000.000th	one millionth	uán mílionz

Days of the Week Español Inglés Pronunciación domingo sunday sondei lunes monday mondei martes tuesday tiusdei miércoles wednesday wensdei jueves thursday zersdei viernes friday fraidei sábado saturday satordei

Months of the Year Español Inglés Pronunciación enero January Yenuari febrero February February marzo March March abril April Eipril mayo May Mei junio June Yun julio July Yulai agosto August Ogost septiembre September September octubre October October noviembre November November diciembre December Dicember

THE CLOCK

What time is it?    What's the time?  Could you tell me the time?  5 : 50    It's ten to six

It is (+ MINUTOS)      past  /  to (+ HORAS).

5:00 Five o'clock           2:15 Quarter past two /  Two-fifteen

2:30 Half past two  / Two-thirty  / 5:45  Quarter to six

a.m. (ante meridiem)             p.m. (post meridiem)

In the morning, amanecer hasta las 12 del mediodía.  9 : 10 a.m. Ten past nine in the morning

In the afternoon, 12 del mediodía hasta las 6 de la tarde.  3 : 45 p.m.   Quarter to four in the afternoon

In the evening, 6 de la tarde hasta las 12 de la noche.   8 : 20 p.m. Twenty past eight in the evening 

At night,  12 de la noche hasta el amanecer.   2 : 50 a.m. Ten to three at night

Yesterday, I was cycling home at five past three.  /   What time  were Omar and Layla going to bed? 10:30   /  They were going to bed at half past to ten / at ten thirty.


9:00    I Wake up.                                            
9:05    I prepare breakfast.
9:15    I have breakfast.
9:30    I have shower.
9:45    I leave home.
10:00  I start work.
11:25  I have a break and I do shopping.
12:00  I get back to work by car.
1:15    I finish work.

DATE

February (the) 2nd  20.16  /  (the) 2nd of February 20.16

AT = @     DOT = .


Telephone number:  667... (Double six, seven).... 

 

2 - ADVERB / Present Perfect

A menudo en el Presente Perfecto se usa con estos adverbios:

recently (recientemente,  aux y verbo), -I haven´t recently balanced the pieces of the machine.

lately (últimamente,  aux y verbo),  Have you been exercising lately? = ¿Has estado ejercitandote ultimamente? PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO


so far (hasta aquí, por ahora),  (principio o final)  -Scientists haven't found a cure for cancer So far.

up to now (hasta ahora), (principio o final)  -I´ve toked to my family on the phone up to now.  



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(?)  ever (alguna vez,   aux y verbo)  -Have you ever arrived late?

(+) never (nunca,    aux y verbo) -I have never invested in sctok market.

(+) already (ya,    aux y verbo) -It has already started.


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(?) yet (ya)  (al final)  -Have you purchased the book yet ? 

(-) yet (aún)  (al final)    -I Haven´t purchased it yet.

just (acaba de,   aux y verbo)  -He has just made a cake.

(-) still   (todavía,  antes del verbo aux)- I still haven‘t invited you 

1- Prepositions of Time: at, on, in

 

 

at	on	in
PRECISE TIME	DAYS and DATES	MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
at 3 o'clock	on Sunday	in May
at 10.30am	on Tuesdays	in summer
at noon	on 6 March	in the summer
at dinnertime	on 25 Dec. 2010	in 1990
at bedtime	on Christmas Day	in the 1990s
at sunrise	on Independence Day	in the next century
at sunset	on my birthday	in the Ice Age
at the moment	on New Year's Eve	in the past/future

at night	The stars shine at night.
at the weekend*	I don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas*/Easter	I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time	We finished the test at the same time.
at present	He's not home at present. Try later.

 

 

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.

• I went to London last June. (not in last June)


• He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)


• I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)


• We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)